Methaemoglobinaemia among neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit. Acta Paediatr ; 84 : — Acta Anaesthesiol Scand ; 31 : —8. British National Formulary. London: British Medical Association, ; Cartlidge PHT. The epidermal barrier.
Seminars in Neonatology ; 5 : — Rutter N. Clinical consequences of an immature barrier. Seminars in Neonatology ; 5 : —7. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Sign In or Create an Account. Sign In. Advanced Search. Search Menu. Article Navigation.
Close mobile search navigation Article Navigation. Volume Article Contents References. Topical anaesthesia in neonates, infants and children. This article is more than five years old.
Some content may no longer be current. EMLA cream 2. EMLA may be of little or no use in reducing the pain of heel pricks or venepuncture in newborn infants up to 3 months. There is substantial apprehension about its use in neonates because of concerns that it may cause methemoglobinemia.
The objective of this review was to determine the efficacy and safety of EMLA as an analgesic for procedural pain treatment in neonates and provide evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice. Methods: Systematic review techniques were used. Behavioral eg, facial action, crying and physiologic eg, heart rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, respiratory rate outcome data from prospective nonrandomized controlled studies and randomized controlled trials in full-term and preterm neonates were accepted for inclusion to establish efficacy of EMLA.
Infant gestational age at the time of delivery ranged from 26 weeks to full-term. Two studies included data from both neonates and older infants. Nine studies were randomized controlled trials. The total sample size for each study ranged from 13 to neonates. The dose of EMLA used was 0.
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