In addition, streamed archives, entries encrypted with standard encryption, or split archives created with the pause option may not be com- patible with PKZIP as data descriptors are used and PKZIP at the time of this writing does not support data descriptors but recent changes in the PKWare published zip standard now include some support for the data descriptor format zip uses.
Mac OS X. For a brief help on zip and unzip, run each without specifying any parameters on the command line. USE The program is useful for packaging a set of files for distribution; for archiving files; and for saving disk space by temporarily com- pressing unused files or directories. The zip program puts one or more compressed files into a single zip archive, along with information about the files name, path, date, time of last modification, protection, and check information to verify file integrity.
An entire directory structure can be packed into a zip archive with a single command. Compression ratios of to are common for text files. If bzip2 support is added, zip can also compress using bzip2 compression, but such entries require a reasonably modern unzip to decompress.
When bzip2 compression is selected, it replaces deflation as the default method. Command format. The basic command format is zip options archive inpath inpath When given the name of an existing zip archive, zip will replace identically named entries in the zip archive matching the relative names as stored in the ar- chive or add entries for new names. For example, if foo. After this, foo. So if before the zip command is executed foo.
If a file list is specified as - [Not on MacOS], zip takes the list of input files from standard input instead of from the command line. For example, zip - foo will store the files listed one per line on stdin in foo.
Under Unix, this option can be used to powerful effect in conjunction with the find 1 command. For example, to archive all the C source files in the current directory and its subdirectories: find. Streaming input and output. For example: zip -r -. For example: tar cf -. This generally produces better compres- sion than the previous example using the -r option because zip can take advantage of redundancy between files.
The backup can be restored using the command unzip -p backup tar xf - When no zip file name is given and stdout is not a terminal, zip acts as a filter, compressing standard input to standard output. For example, tar cf -. If Zip64 support for large files and archives is enabled and zip is used as a filter, zip creates a Zip64 archive that requires a PKZIP 4. This is to avoid amgibuities in the zip file structure as defined in the current zip standard PKWARE AppNote where the decision to use Zip64 needs to be made before data is written for the entry, but for a stream the size of the data is not known at that point.
If the data is known to be smaller than 4 GB, the option -fz- can be used to prevent use of Zip64, but zip will exit with an error if Zip64 was in fact needed.
Also, zip removes the Zip64 extensions if not needed when archive entries are copied see the -U --copy option. When directing the output to another file, note that all options should be before the redirection including -x. When changing an existing zip archive, zip will write a temporary file with the new contents, and only replace the old one when the process of creating the new version has been completed without error.
If the name of the zip archive does not contain an extension, the extension. If the name already contains an extension other than. However, split archives archives split over multiple files require the. Scanning and reading files. When zip starts, it scans for files to process if needed.
If this scan takes longer than about 5 seconds, zip will display a "Scanning files" message and start displaying progress dots every 2 seconds or every so many entries processed, which- ever takes longer. If there is more than 2 seconds between dots it could indicate that finding each file is taking time and could mean a slow network connection for example. Actually the initial file scan is a two-step process where the directory scan is followed by a sort and these two steps are separated with a space in the dots.
If updating an existing archive, a space also appears between the existing file scan and the new file scan. The scanning files dots are not controlled by the -ds dot size option, but the dots are turned off by the -q quiet option. The -sf show files option can be used to scan for files and get the list of files scanned without actually processing them.
If zip is not able to read a file, it issues a warning but continues. See the -MM option below for more on how zip handles patterns that are not matched and files that are not readable. If some files were skipped, a warning is issued at the end of the zip operation noting how many files were read and how many skipped. Command modes. The external modes add, update, and freshen read files from the file system as well as from an existing archive while the internal modes delete and copy operate exclusively on entries in an existing archive.
If the archive does not exist create it. This is the default mode. If the archive does not exist issue warning then create a new archive.
Does not add new files to the archive. This new mode is similar to update but command line patterns select entries in the existing archive rather than files from the file system and it uses the --out option to write the resulting archive to a new file rather than update the existing archive, leaving the original archive unchanged. The new File Sync option -FS is also considered a new mode, though it is similar to update.
This mode synchronizes the archive with the files on the OS, only replacing files in the archive if the file time or size of the OS file is different, adding new files, and deleting entries from the archive where there is no matching file.
As this mode can delete entries from the archive, consider making a backup copy of the archive. Also see -DF for creating difference archives. Split archives. A split archive is a standard zip archive split over multiple files. Note that split archives are not just archives split in to pieces, as the offsets of entries are now based on the start of each split. Concatenating the pieces together will invalidate these offsets, but unzip can usually deal with it.
One use of split archives is storing a large archive on multiple removable media. Note that the last file is the. In contrast, spanned archives are the original multi-disk archive generally requiring floppy disks and using volume labels to store disk numbers.
The reverse is also true, where each file of a spanned archive can be copied in order to files with the above names to create a split archive. Use -s to set the split size and create a split archive. The -sp option can be used to pause zip between splits to allow changing removable media, for example, but read the descriptions and warnings for both -s and -sp below. Though zip does not update split archives, zip provides the new option -O --output-file or --out to allow split archives to be updated and saved in a new archive.
For example, zip inarchive. If inar- chive. Be aware that if outarchive. This may be changed in the future. Though the zip standard requires storing paths in an archive using a specific character set, in practice zips have stored paths in archives in whatever the local character set is. This creates problems when an archive is created or updated on a system using one character set and then extracted on another system using a different character set.
When compiled with Unicode support enabled on plat- forms that support wide characters, zip now stores, in addition to the standard local path for backward compatibility, the UTF-8 transla- tion of the path. This provides a common universal character set for storing paths that allows these paths to be fully extracted on other systems that support Unicode and to match as close as possible on systems that don't.
On Win32 systems where paths are internally stored as Unicode but represented in the local character set, it's possible that some paths will be skipped during a local character set directory scan.
Be aware that console windows on Win32 and Unix, for example, sometimes don't accurately show all characters due to how each operating sys- tem switches in character sets for display. However, directory navigation tools should show the correct paths if the needed fonts are loaded. Command line format.
This version of zip has updated command line processing and support for long options. Short options take the form -s[-][s[-] A short option that takes a value is last in an argument and anything after it is taken as the value.
If the option can be negated and "-" immediately follows the option, the option is negated. Short options in general take values either as part of the same argument or as the following argument.
The -x and -i options accept lists of values and use a slightly different format described below. See the -x and -i options. Values can also follow the argument. Long option names can be shortened to the shortest unique abbreviation. See the option descriptions below for which support long options. To avoid confusion, avoid abbreviating a negatable option with an embedded dash "-" at the dash if you plan to negate it the parser would consider a trailing dash, such as for the option --some-option using --some- as the option, as part of the name rather than a negat- ing dash.
This may be changed to force the last dash in --some- to be negating in the future. A self-extracting executable archive is created by prepending the SFX stub to an exist- ing archive. The -A option tells zip to adjust the entry offsets stored in the archive to take into account this "preamble" data.
Note: self-extracting archives for the Amiga are a special case. At present, only the Amiga port of zip is capable of adjusting or updat- ing these without corrupting them. You may want to use the -sf show files option to store the list of files processed in case the archive operation must be repeated.
Also consider using the -MM must match option. Be sure to check out -DF as a pos- sibly better way to do incremental backups. Directories are not stored when -AS is used, though by default the paths of entries, including directories, are stored as usual and can be used by most unzips to recreate directories. The archive bit is set by the operating system when a file is modified and, if used with -AC , -AS can provide an incremental backup capability.
However, other applications can modify the archive bit and it may not be a reliable indicator of which files have changed since the last archive operation. Alternative ways to create incremental backups are using -t to use file dates, though this won't catch old files copied to directories being archived, and -DF to create a differential archive.
This option is useful when updating an existing archive and the file system containing this old archive does not have enough space to hold both old and new archives at the same time. It may also be useful when streaming in some cases to avoid the need for data descriptors. Note that using this option may require zip take additional time to copy the archive file when done to the destination file system. File operations adding, updating are done first, and the user is then prompted for a one- line comment for each file.
Enter the comment followed by return, or just return for no comment. Negating this option -C- downcases. Negating this option -C2- downcases. Negating this option -C5- downcases. Note that shell pathname expansion has been inhibited with backslashes, so that zip can see the asterisks, enabling zip to match on the contents of the zip archive instead of the contents of the current directory.
We considered making this case insensitive on systems where paths were case insensitive, but it is possible the archive came from a system where case does matter and the archive could include both Bar and bar as separate files in the archive. But see the new option -ic to ignore case in the archive. See -ds below for setting dot size. The default is a dot every 10 MB of input file processed. The -v option also displays dots previously at a much higher rate than this but now -v also defaults to 10 MB and this rate is also controlled by -ds.
Good for exporting files to foreign operating-systems. Resource- forks will be ignored at all. The command zip -qdgds 10m will turn off most output except dots every 10 MB. See -dd to enable displaying dots. Setting this option implies -dd. Size is in the format nm where n is a number and m is a multiplier. The default is 10 MB. The -v option also displays dots and now defaults to 10 MB also. This rate is also controlled by this option. A size of 0 turns dots off.
This option does not control the dots from the "Scanning files" message as zip scans for input files. The dot size for that is fixed at 2 seconds or a fixed number of entries, whichever is longer.
Directory entries are created by default so that their attributes can be saved in the zip archive. For this to work, the input file list and current directory must be the same as during the original zip operation. For example, if the existing archive was created using zip -r foofull. Note that the timezone environment variable TZ should be set according to the local timezone in order for this option to work cor- rectly.
A change in timezone since the original archive was created could result in no times matching and all files being included. A possible approach to backing up a directory might be to create a normal archive of the contents of the directory as a full backup, then use this option to create incremental backups. The password prompt is repeated to save the user from typing errors. For example: zip -f foo This command should be run from the same directory from which the original zip command was run, since paths stored in zip archives are always relative.
Table of Contents. Improve Article. Save Article. Like Article. Last Updated : 19 Feb, Previous Gzip Command in Linux. Next tar command in Linux with examples. Recommended Articles. Article Contributed By :. Easy Normal Medium Hard Expert. Writing code in comment? Please use ide. In that case, I copy the list of modified files to a temporary file and use zip with the option -. Sign up to join this community.
The best answers are voted up and rise to the top. Stack Overflow for Teams — Collaborate and share knowledge with a private group. Create a free Team What is Teams? Learn more. Ask Question. Asked 10 years, 11 months ago. Active 1 year, 10 months ago. Viewed 2. How can I create and extract zip archives from the command line? Improve this question.
Steven D There's no problem with answering your own questions but not as part of the question itself, since that breaks down the whole community-votes-on-the-best-answer advantage of SO. In addition, this is probably better suited for superuser since it's not programming related. Where will you document how to get online and check SO if you forget your login? Using SA for a note like this helps other people too, as I see it.
Add a comment. Active Oldest Votes. To compress: zip squash. Improve this answer. Justin Ethier Justin Ethier 16k 9 9 gold badges 40 40 silver badges 55 55 bronze badges.
I personally only ever use the zip -r9 archive. Just as a side note: zip can create many different flavors of. ZIP archives, as well as use many different compressors. On the other hand, there are a number of other compression tools named similarly: 7-Zip, gzip, bzip2, rzip, etc. In case you don't want the parent directory to be included: cd dir1; zip -r.. I'm confused, I did this and get a long list of inflations and extractions but when I check the directory it is empty, save for the original zip file?
Where is it all going? For the record, use unzip -d myfolder squash. This mimics how most UI unzip tools work. Show 1 more comment. You can zip files up in compressed format with the GNU tar program: tar -zcvf myfile. To unzip that file, use: tar -zxvf myfile. Or use tar jcvf file.
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